SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROJECT IN ILHA DA TRINDADE
PRECEDENTS
Discovered in 1501, by Portuguese navigator João da Nova and named by Estevão da Gama a year later, Ilha da Trindade has a name that it retains to this day, in honor of the Holy Trinity, because of the three most visible elevations. The highest point is the São Bonifácio peak, which is about 2050.52 feet high.
In the mid-16th century, Ilha da Trindade was constantly confused with Ascension Island, the name under which it appears in some letters and writings of the time. The change is understandable, seeing the interest and layout of the strand of British Isles in the South Atlantic. The island was increasingly used as a maritime foothold by slave smugglers and English pirates. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was visited by explorers, navigators and naturalists.
After the proclamation of independence in 1822, the island was added to Brazilian territory. In 1895, the English occupied it again, with the justification of establishing a submarine cable station linking Argentina and England. At this point, the young Brazilian Republic, with the support of the Portuguese, carried out diplomatic measures together with England to regain possession of the island, which occurred in 1897. The episode was recorded on the island, as a "mark of sovereignty" , placed on Andradas beach, with the epigraph: “Right wins over strength”.
In 1916, Ilha da Trindade was occupied by Brazilians in World War I, with the objective of inhibiting its use by enemy ships. In 1941, due to World War II, it was garrisoned again, to prevent enemy submarines from using it as a support base.
Finally, in 1950, a scientific expedition was tasked to plan the definitive occupation of the Island. In 1957, the Ilha da Trindade Oceanographic Post (POIT) was formed and, from that point on, the Navy certifies its effective ownership in Brazil.
CLIMATE AND LOCATION
Located between the parallels of 20º 29' and 20º 32' S and the meridians of 29º 17' and 29º 21' W, Ilha da Trindade is an oceanic island, distant about 708.36 miles from Vitória (ES) and 1491.29 miles from the Rio de Janeiro (RJ), towards Africa. In addition to the Martin Vaz Islands, located 29.82 miles to the east, the nearest land is Ascension Island, which is 1346.51 miles to the northeast.
The island is situated at the eastern end of the Vitória-Trindade underwater mountain range and rises 5,500 meters above the ocean floor, with a smooth profile and upward-facing concavity. It has an extension of 10.2 km², highly rugged, with elevations reaching up to 2050.52 feet (Peak São Bonifácio). Appeared approximately 3 million years ago from an area of fractures that extends from the Brazilian continental shelf. Due to its volcanic origin, the presence of lava, ash and volcanic sands can be seen. It's been 50,000 years since its last volcanic eruption.
In the 17th and 18th centuries the island was surrounded by abundant tropical forest. Nowadays, the vegetation of the place consists of a cover of herbs and grasses, besides the forest of giant ferns, which grows on the humid and shady peaks of the island, with trees from 16.40 to 19.68 feet in height. .
The tropical ocean climate is alleviated by the eastern trade winds. The average annual temperature is 75.2ºF, with February being the hottest month of the year, with 80.6ºF, and September the coldest with 69.8ºF. Almost every day, especially during the summer, there are rapid rains (usually less than 5 minutes), which receive the local term called "Pirajá". Between April and October, the island suffers periodic invasions by cold fronts, with an average interval of one week.
The Ilha da Trindade has some sources with drinking water in the Enseada da Cachoeira (the most abundant), the Portuguese and Príncipe.
It has a large number of birds, crabs and sea turtles. The Brazilian Current is surrounded by waters, with high salinity (37) and average temperature (80.6ºF), rich in fish (xaréus, groupers, whiting, sardines, barracudas, etc.) and lobsters.
ILHA DA TRINDADE IS A FEDERAL GOOD
Pursuant to Article 20, item IV, of the Federal Constitution, Ilha da Trindade is a property of the Union, delivered by the Secretariat of Union Heritage (SPU) to the care of the Brazilian Navy (MB), through Delivery Term no. SCC-001/84, of April 24, 1984, process MF.0783.0335/83 (Tombo nº 18.008.0). MB has occupied Ilha da Trindade continuously since 1957.
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS-1982), pursuant to Law No. 8617/1993, grants Brazil the right to establish, around the Island, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf.
It was in 1957 that scientific activities began on the island, when, as a result of the event called the International Geophysical Year, the Brazilian Navy began operating the Ilha da Trindade Oceanographic Post (POIT) and, since then, its continuity has been viable, albeit in a limited way, due to the support of the Navy, which is responsible for guaranteeing the presence of the Brazilian State in that portion of its territory and in the sea that surrounds it.
Due to its location, at a latitude close to the main oil basins and the region that strives for the highest economic development and population concentration in the country, Ilha da Trindade is part of an advanced post, essential for National Defense with regard to the use of Naval Power . Highlighted as a support point for naval forces operating in the South Atlantic, protecting maritime communication lines in Brazilian jurisdictional waters.
Scientific research makes it possible to explore the sustainable potential for recognizing and using a heritage. Also, new discoveries can help with the preservation of the environment. In the case of Ilha da Trindade, science has been one of the priorities in the joint action of the Navy and research institutions and universities.
CREATION
For years, the Brazilian Navy had been receiving a growing number of requests to carry out research on Ilha da Trindade. Such requests recommended the creation of a specific program, under the protection of the Interministerial Commission for the Resources of the Sea (CIRM), coordinated by the Brazilian Navy, taking advantage of the constant logistical support provided by it for the facilities that make it possible to maintain the Island. Created in April 2007, the program called PROTRINDADE (Scientific Research Program on Ilha da Trindade), aimed at managing the development of scientific research on the Island, Martin Vaz Archipelago and in the adjacent maritime zone, enabling the acquisition, systematization and the dissemination of scientific knowledge related to the region.
RESEARCH PROGRAM IN ILHA DA TRINDADE (PROTRINDADE)
PROTRINDADE was conceived in April 2007 under the aegis of the CIRM, which is responsible for overseeing its activities, through the Subcommittee for the Sectoral Plan for the Resources of the Sea (PSRM).
The implementation of the Program is under the responsibility of an Executive Committee formed by representatives of the following entities:
- Ministry of Defense (MD);
- Ministry of Education (MEC);
- Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME);
- Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC);
- Ministry of the Environment (MMA);
- Secretariat of Aquaculture and Fisheries (SEAP);
- Brazilian Navy (Navy General Staff, 1st Naval District Command and Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation;
- Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA);
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio);
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); and
- Secretariat of the Interministerial Commission for the Resources of the Sea (SECIRM).
The Executive Committee is headed by the Brazilian Navy, through SECIRM, which is advised by a Scientific Subcommittee and a Logistics Subcommittee, with the purpose of advising, managing, monitoring, promoting and supporting the development of scientific research in the Ilha da Trindade, Martin Vaz Archipelago and the adjacent maritime area.
The Executive Committee is solely responsible for:
A) Promote the planning and implementation of the Program;
B) Approve priorities for new scientific projects to be developed;
C) Approve the scientific research projects that will be developed in Ilha da Trindade, Martim Vaz and in the adjacent maritime area;
D) Operationalize and conduct a systematic program of scientific research in Ilha da Trindades, Martim Vaz and in the adjacent maritime area;
E) Monitor the transport of researchers;
F) Examine and harmonize proposals from its Subcommittees, direct them to the Subcommittee for the PSRM and, when necessary, transmit to the Subcommittees the measures to be taken as a result of guidelines issued by the CIRM;
G) Manage the financial follow-up, organize budget proposals and coordinate the application of the financial resources available for the Program;
H) Monitor the results, proposing the necessary changes for the execution of the Program, not only based on the evaluation of the results of the activities developed and new projects, but also in view of the evolution of the general technical-administrative structure of the Program;
I) Examine and approve proposals evaluated and forwarded by CNPq, on offers of collaboration and participation by research centers, universities and governmental or private entities in scientific activities developed in Ilha da Trindade, Martim Vaz and in the adjacent maritime area;
J) Define the composition and attributions of the Scientific and Logistic Subcommittees.
The Subcommittees have the following composition:
I - Scientific Subcommittee:
Coordinator:
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).
Members:
- Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA);
- Representative of the Scientific Community (Scientific Coordinator and Operational Technician); and
- Secretariat of the CIRM (SECIRM).
II - Logistics Subcommittee:
Coordinator:
- Command of the 1st Naval District (Com1ºDN).
Members:
- Directorate of Civil Works of the Navy (DOCM);
- Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation (DHN); and
- Secretariat of the CIRM (SECIRM).
Subcommittees have the following powers:
I - Scientific Subcommittee:
A) Stimulate and promote scientific research in Ilha da Trindade, Martin Vaz Archipelago and in the adjacent maritime area;
B) Assist the Executive Committee in all points relating to the conduct of scientific research in Ilha da Trindade, Martin Vaz Archipelago and in the adjacent maritime area;
C) Reconcile the proposals for scientific and technological projects, with the guidelines and objectives of PROTRINDADE, as well as the financial availability, proposing actions to raise resources and the necessary adjustments;
D) Filter and define the priorities of the researches that will be developed in Ilha da Trindade, Archipelago of Martin Vaz and in the adjacent maritime area, which have verified scientific merit and approval by the competent body, regarding compliance with relevant environmental legislation;
E) To establish the priority for the embarkation of researchers in the commissions programmed by the Brazilian Navy to Ilha da Trindade and, coordinate the transport of researchers to the embarkation and disembarkation point, through the Brazilian Navy or contracted by it;
F) Supervise scientific research projects approved by the Executive Committee;
G) Promote events that assist in the evaluation and dissemination of the results of scientific research carried out on Ilha da Trindade, Martin Vaz Archipelago and in the adjacent maritime area;
H) Propose to the Executive Committee the modification, suspension or cancellation of research that is causing damage or threatening the environment of the islands and their dependent and associated ecosystems.
II - Logistics Subcommittee
A) Analyze the possibilities of logistical support for scientific and technological projects presented by the Scientific Subcommittee;
B) Assist the Executive Committee on the need for financial, material and personnel resources, to carry out logistical support for scientific research that will be carried out on Ilha da Trindade, Martin Vaz Archipelago and in the adjacent maritime area;
C) Carry out the operational planning of scientific activities carried out on Ilha da Trindade, Martin Vaz Archipelago and in the adjacent maritime area, taking into account the possibilities and limitations of logistical support;
D) Provide logistical support, within the availability of the Brazilian Navy, vital for the permanence of researchers on the island and for carrying out scientific research approved by the Executive Committee.
The Scientific and Logistic Subcommittees have the following means:
A) Logistical Support from the Brazilian Navy;
B) Administrative support from SECIRM;
C) Technical, financial and scientific support from the Ministries and Institutions that are directly or indirectly part of the scientific research carried out on Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands and in the adjacent maritime area;
D) Support from consultants dedicated to scientific research, chosen for their recognized competence, to deal with specific issues.
GUIDELINES
PROTRINDADE complies with the guidelines of the National Policy for the Resources of the Sea (PNRM), the National Defense Policy (PND) and the National Environmental Policy (PNMA), and has the following purposes:
A) Helping to achieve the objectives established by the PNRM;
B) Promote the training of human resources with the competence to conduct quality scientific research in Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands and in the adjacent maritime area;
C) Encourage diversified, quality research with reference to relevant topics;
D) Prioritizing, over all activities, safety and a good working condition, aiming at those who, inserted in the Program planning, come to work in Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands and in the adjacent maritime area.
GOALS
PROTRINDADE has the following objectives:
A) Build and maintain, with the consent of the Brazilian Navy, facilities to accommodate researchers and carry out scientific research, alongside the facilities already existing on Ilha da Trindade;
B) Promote and manage the progress of scientific research on Ilha da Trindade and Martin Vaz and the adjacent maritime area;
C) Provide the means and support necessary for transport, for the permanence of researchers and for carrying out scientific research on the Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands and in the adjacent maritime area.
GOAL
- Helping with the expansion of the number of research projects under development in the Oceanic Islands.
INDICATORS
The identification and measurement of aspects related to PROTRINDADE, carried out periodically, will comply with the following:
REFERENCE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT
INDEX DATE
Number of research projects under development under PROTRINDADE.
UN 2017 24
IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATIONALIZATION
Ilha da Trindade bird
The public notices for scientific research in Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands and in the adjacent maritime area are in charge of CNPq. Research projects will be presented to CNPq, due to the disclosure of a specific Notice, and will be evaluated and approved by the Agency, according to their scientific merit.
Research projects exposed to the Subcommittees will be evaluated and approved, in relation to their environmental impact, when necessary, by IBAMA and regarding the possibilities of logistical support for them.
The research proposals will be submitted to the Executive Committee for authorization, after being considered by the Subcommittees that advise it.
Omissions regarding the selection of research projects will be resolved by the Executive Committee with the assistance of its Subcommittees.
The Scientific Subcommittee will introduce the research projects, authorized by the Executive Committee, on the planning of scientific activities and will disclose the schedule of events to interested parties.
The Logistics Subcommittee will structure the logistical support necessary for the implementation of the approved research projects.
Any scientific activities carried out on Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands and in the adjacent maritime area must be programmed in accordance with the rules and procedures established by the Brazilian Navy.
The decisions of the Logistical and Scientific Subcommittees shall be forwarded to the Executive Committee of PROTRINDADE, for voting.
HOW TO PARTICIPATE IN THE PROGRAM
Researchers interested in conducting research on Ilha da Trindade must submit their scientific projects to CNPq, because of the publication of their notices, so the project will be analyzed for scientific merit and, if chosen, will be included in PROTRINDADE.
It is up to the researchers, with adequate advance, to provide authorization, with the competent bodies, for the collection of samples provided for in the project and specific arrangements for the transport of chemical, flammable, explosive and/or harmful to health products.
SCIENTIFIC STATION
The Ilha da Trindade Scientific Station (ECIT) was founded in December 2011. Its architectural project was prepared at the Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES seeking to reduce environmental impact. The construction project was conceived by the Navy's Civil Works Directorate (DOCM), integrating modern solutions such as the PVC construction technique and exploring natural lighting and ventilation.
Comprising two cabins for 4 people each, living room, kitchen, two bathrooms, balcony and two laboratories (dry and wet), ECIT has the capacity to house up to eight researchers. It has furniture suitable for the permanence and comfort of the researchers.
The schedule for staying at the Scientific Station is managed by the PROTRINDADE Manager at SECIRM.
PROTRINDADE RULES
- Rules and Instructions for PROTRINDADE
- Rules for Scuba Diving Activities of PROTRINDADE
SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP
- I Workshop
MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE PROGRAM
Ilha da Trindade bird
The application of the Program will be examined by the Executive Committee, while the assistance of the results of scientific activities will be carried out by CNPq, which will be responsible for defining indicators, formats and frequency for evaluating the activities and presenting the results to the Scientific Subcommittee.
SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION
- Detection and characterization of herpesvirus associated with fibropapillomatosis in sea turtles on the Brazilian coast - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Green turtles at Ilha da Trindade
- Ilha da Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago - "A Geobotanical Essay"
- The bryophytes of Ilha da Trindade, South Atlantic, Brazil
- House mouse (Mus musculus) infestation in Ilha da Trindade, Brazil
- First record of Hastula hastata (Gmelin, 1791) (Mollusca: Conoidea: Terebridae) from Ilha da Trindade to southwestern Atlantic oceanic island off Brazil
- Phytotoxic effect Guilandina bunduc
- Phytotoxic Effect Analysis Guilandina bunduc
- Phytotoxic Potential Guilandina bunduc
- Beach Ziphius Cavirostris Trindade
- New Trindade Goats
- Stratigraphy and genesis of the volcanic deposits of the Morro Vermelho formation, Ilha da Trindade
VIDEOS
-"Trindade - Where Brazil begins"
-"Woman and black, captain of the Navy commands Ilha da Trindade"
-"Ilha da Trindade fish can be seen at AquaRio"
HOW CAN I ACCESS ILHA DA TRINDADE?
Pursuant to Article 20, item IV, of the Federal Constitution, Ilha da Trindade is a property of the Union, conceived by the Union Heritage Secretariat (SPU), under the responsibility of the Brazilian Navy (MB). Trindade is under the jurisdiction of the First Naval District Command (Com1ºDN), headquartered in Rio de Janeiro. Access to Ilha da Trindade is through the following ways:
- Execution of research gratified by the Scientific Research Program on Ilha da Trindade (PROTRINDADE), through the development of scientific research on Ilha da Trindade, Martin Vaz Archipelago and in the adjacent maritime area, in order to enable systematization, acquisition and dissemination of scientific knowledge about the area. Departures for trips to the Island, related to PROTRINDADE, are indicated by the Coordinators of Scientific Projects, previously selected by Notice of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Access to these trips is subject to the inclusion of the interested party in one of the projects, which have scientific merit evaluated by CNPq. However, the Program has made exceptions for self-financed Projects, which pass through the CNPq's yoke. In this case, it is necessary to send the proposal for the Project to be carried out on Ilha da Trindade, to the e-mail secirm.secom@marinha.mil.br, which will be forwarded to CNPq in order to assess its scientific merit.
- About the production of journalistic material or documentaries, which require the collection of material on Ilha da Trindade (photos, interviews, filming, etc.). The interested party should contact the Navy Social Communication Center (CCSM), through the e-mail: Imprensa@marinha.mil.br
- Other situations must be dealt with directly with the 1st DN Command:
1st Naval District Command
Praça Mauá, 65, Center
Rio de Janeiro - RJ
CEP-20081-240
com1dn.secom@marine.mil.br
press.1dn@gmail.com
USEFUL LINKS
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development: www.cnpq.br
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation: www.icmbio.gov.br
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